• Interwar scholarship traces a shift from static to dynamic conceptions of the law of nations, emphasizing self-modification, gradual change through doctrine, and law as an evolving framework for international order [2], [10], [13], [17], [18].

• Accounts of accountability and enforcement networks emerge: aggression as a regulative category, denial of justice as liability, and the rise of formal adjudication through courts and proposals for an international criminal court [1], [3], [6], [7], [5].

• Institutionalization of adjudication and order: analysis of the Permanent Court, legal order, and the influence of yearbooks and diplomatic settlements; courts as norm-formation venues [6], [16], [8], [4], [20].

• Policy instruments, neutrality, and sanctions regimes: neutrality laws, embargo practices, and treaty collections shaping interwar legal regimes in dialogue with aggression and diplomacy [14], [1], [11], [12], [20].